Monday, September 2, 2019
Robert J. Graves, MD and Graves Disease Essay -- Disease, Disorders
Gravesââ¬â¢ disease was named after Robert J. Graves, MD, around the 1830ââ¬â¢s. It is an autoimmune disease indicated by hyperthyroidism due to circulating autoantibodies, which is an antibody that attacks the personââ¬â¢s own body. The immune system attacks the thyroid gland, which causes it to produce too much thyroxine. Thyroxine is a hormone that helps control growth and also regulates metabolism in the body. While the thyroxine levels are high the patientââ¬â¢s metabolic rate increases, which can have an effect on their physical appearance as well as their frame of mind. Gravesââ¬â¢ disease is the number one cause of hyperthyroidism in the U.S. There are many signs and symptoms of Gravesââ¬â¢ disease. Symptoms of Gravesââ¬â¢ disease include anxiety, irritability, insomnia, tiredness, irregular or accelerated heart rate, and sensitivity to heat. Sign of Gravesââ¬â¢ disease are tremors in the hands and fingers, weight loss, brittle hair, goiter, menstrual cycle changes, and more frequent bowel movements. People with Gravesââ¬â¢ disease also report having symptoms of Gravesââ¬â¢ opthalmopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease. This can include bulging of the eyes, itchy eyes, red eyes, sensitivity to light, and swelling around the eyelids. More severe cases of opthalmopathy include corneal ulcers, double vision, blurred vision, and restricted eye movements. According to a journal published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, ââ¬Å"Smoking greatly increases the risk for Gravesââ¬â¢ opthalmopathy. Among patients with Gravesââ¬â¢ opthalmopathy, smokers had more severe eye disease than nonsm okers. Smoking also appears to be one of the multiple factors inducing Gravesââ¬â¢ disease in genetically predisposed individuals.â⬠One more sign of Gravesââ¬â¢ disease, though it is no... ...t it is not known what causes Gravesââ¬â¢ disease to occur, the fact that there are so many treatment options is astonishing. Works Cited Christian Nordqvist. ââ¬Å"What Is Gravesââ¬â¢ Disease? What Causes Gravesââ¬â¢ Disease?â⬠Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Int., 6 Nov. 2009. Web 10 Mar. 2012. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/170005.php Sai-Ching Jim Yeung, MD, PhD, FACP. ââ¬Å"Gravesââ¬â¢ Diseaseâ⬠emedicine.medscape. 30 Sep. 2011. Web 10 Mar. 2012 http://www.emedicine.medscape.com/article/120619-overview#showall Dr. Asha Thomas. ââ¬Å"Treatment of Gravesââ¬â¢ Diseaseâ⬠Baltimore Sun. 19 Oct. 2009 10 Mar. 2012. http://www.baltimoresun.com/2009-10-19/news/0910180070_1_graves-disease-underactive-thyroid-thyroid-disease Mark F. Prummel, Wilmar M. Wiersinga. ââ¬Å"Smoking and Risk of Gravesââ¬â¢ Diseaseâ⬠The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1993 10 Mar. 2012
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